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  • Nuanced Imagery Rescripting in Schema Therapy (2025)Episode 59: What’s the Schemata

    New Episode: August 15, 2025

    Episode: What’s the Schemata? — “Nuanced Imagery Rescripting: Social Isolation, Abandonment & More”
    Hosts: Chris Hayes & Dr. Robert Brockman (ISST-accredited supervisors)

    Schema Therapy is always developing. Techniques are refined, language becomes clearer, and therapists learn to adapt more fluidly to the unexpected. In this episode of What’s the Schemata?, Hayes and Brockman unpack some of the most challenging aspects of imagery rescripting. They explore what to do when the usual approaches don’t land, offering concrete strategies that therapists can put into practice straight away.

    Why this episode matters: Episode 59: What’s the Schemata

    Imagery rescripting is one of the most powerful interventions in Schema Therapy, but it is also one of the most challenging. Therapists often find themselves improvising in the moment, stepping into the client’s memory without a script. This discussion focuses on how to adapt when the scene isn’t straightforward and how to stay grounded in the core principle of meeting unmet needs.

    Social Isolation: when rescuing can isolate further

    Rescuing as an adult authority figure may unintentionally reinforce the client’s sense of being “different”. Instead, step into the memory as a same-age peer and bring the child into your group. Inclusion in something as simple as a playground game creates a vivid corrective experience. When appropriate, you can also draw on supportive peers from later life to strengthen the sense of belonging.

    Abandonment: a slow repair

    Abandonment imagery often unfolds over the long term rather than in a single breakthrough. For pre-verbal memories, the intervention is simple but powerful: pick up the baby, soothe, and stay. Avoid unrealistic repairs such as bringing a lost parent back. Focus instead on validating grief, modelling availability, and planting the seed of hope that stable connections are possible.

    Insufficient Self-Control and Self-Discipline: firm but caring limits

    This schema calls for limit-setting delivered with warmth. If the child in the image wants to avoid school or act impulsively, step in with a calm, clear boundary: school first, play later. When the original caregiver reinforced impulsivity, part of the repair is resetting norms and modelling accountability without shaming.

    Enmeshment and Self-Sacrifice: creating safe distance

    When a distressed caregiver overshares, the child can be overwhelmed. One solution is to move the child out of the conversation—invite them to play or draw in another room while you address the adult. Use empathic confrontation to acknowledge the caregiver’s stress while firmly protecting the child from inappropriate emotional burden.

    Contemptuous antagonists: keeping control of the scene

    Not every antagonist will back down. Some are dismissive or mocking. In these cases, maintain control. Mute them, remove them from the image, or impose boundaries within the imagined space. Aim your firm stance at the behaviour, not the person, to model healthy protection.

    Newer lenses: fairness and coherence

    • Basic Fairness: Correct clear injustices in the image and consider creating behavioural bridges, such as encouraging the adult client to buy themselves the symbolic item they were denied.
    • Coherence of Self and Others: Children suffer when events make no sense. Offer age-appropriate explanations to restore clarity. Mode maps and formulations in therapy often land with the powerful realisation: “Now it makes sense.”

    Key takeaways

    • Enter imagery just before the painful moment, not after.
    • Encourage first-person, present-tense engagement.
    • Speak differently to adults and children: limits and confrontation for adults, warmth and protection for the child.
    • Use creative but believable fantasy elements like distance, allies, or volume control.
    • Balance autonomy with safety—avoid over-rescuing.

    Coming soon: full-session recordings

    Hayes and Brockman also preview a new filmed series of ten full one-hour schema therapy sessions, showing complete start-to-finish clinical work. Titled Inside the Room: The Schema Therapy Sessions, this project is due for release in September or October 2025.

    Listen now

    This episode of What’s the Schemata? is packed with clinical insights, practical tips, and honest reflections on the challenges of imagery rescripting. Whether you are new to Schema Therapy or refining advanced skills, it offers ideas you can use immediately in your practice.

    Listen now to the full episode on your favourite podcast platform.

  • Young Schema Questionnaire – R (YSQ-R): A Free Resource with Clinical Psychologist Oz Yalcin

    If you work with Schema Therapy or are exploring tools for assessing early maladaptive schemas, the updated Young Schema Questionnaire – R (YSQ-R) is now available as a free, clinician-friendly package. This resource includes the latest Scorer Version 4.3, a newly released online scoring tool, and a 45-minute webinar hosted by Clinical Psychologist and researcher Oz Yalcin.

    Free Resource and Webinar

    This updated package reflects recent advances in schema assessment, including the inclusion of new schemas and psychometric refinements based on a Rasch analysis of 838 participants (Yalcin, Marais, Lee & Correia, 2021). Whether you’re using schema theory to inform treatment or research, this is a valuable opportunity to refine your understanding of one of the model’s most widely used measures.


    What’s in the Free Package

    • The full YSQ-R (Young Schema Questionnaire – Revised)
    • Scoring Template Version 4.3 with streamlined scoring instructions
    • Client’s Guide to Schema Therapy for use in practice
    • Access to the new online scoring tool
    • A 45-minute recorded webinar presented by Oz Yalcin

    What the Webinar Covers

    In this practical and research-informed session, Oz Yalcin walks through:

    • How to administer and score the YSQ-R
    • Clinical interpretation of schema profiles
    • Use of the scoring key, including updated schema categories
    • Integration of schema results into treatment planning
    • Context around the development of the latest version, including new schema additions

    About Oz Yalcin

    Ozgur Yalcin is a Clinical Psychologist and Director of ANIMA Health Network in Perth, Western Australia. He has worked in diverse psychiatric settings, taught at the postgraduate level, and published research in neuroscience and psychometric assessment. His PhD focused on the development and validation of the YSQ-R. Oz’s clinical work includes Schema Therapy, EMDR, and psychodynamic approaches for treating complex trauma, adult ADHD, and personality disorders. He also serves as the WA State Chair of the APS College of Clinical Psychologists.


    Why It Matters

    The YSQ-R is more than an assessment form—it’s a core element of Schema Therapy that helps practitioners identify, understand, and work with the deep-rooted patterns shaping clients’ emotional lives. The latest version of this tool brings greater precision, accessibility, and clinical relevance, making it easier to use and more aligned with the realities of therapy practice today.

    Whether you’re a psychologist, therapist, academic, or student, this updated resource offers a clear and practical way to deepen your Schema Therapy skills.

    Access the full package and watch the free webinar: https://courses.schematherapytrainingonline.com/p/ysq-r

    This resource is provided courtesy of Schema Therapy Training Australia.

  • Schema Therapy Study

    What Is Schema Therapy?

    By Chris Hayes and Robert Brockman

    Schema Therapy (ST), developed by Jeffrey Young in the 1990s, is an integrative psychotherapy model designed to help people understand and heal long-standing emotional patterns. These patterns, known as early maladaptive schemas, often develop when core emotional needs aren’t met in childhood.

    Rather than focusing only on symptom management, Schema Therapy targets the deeper beliefs and emotional experiences that shape our behaviours, relationships, and self-perceptions. It integrates elements from CBT, attachment theory, Gestalt techniques, and psychodynamic therapy to provide a rich and flexible framework for long-term change.

    Some of the key techniques include:

    • Limited reparenting – creating a safe space within the therapeutic relationship to meet unmet needs
    • Imagery rescripting – transforming painful childhood memories into healing emotional experiences
    • Chair work – facilitating dialogue between different modes or parts of the self

    Through these methods, Schema Therapy offers both depth and structure—making it a valuable model for working with complex and treatment-resistant presentations.


    Why We Created Schema Therapy Training Online

    We started Schema Therapy Training Online in 2019 with the goal of making high-quality Schema Therapy education more accessible for clinicians across the globe.

    As two therapists based on opposite sides of Australia, we’ve always shared a passion for Schema Therapy and a belief in the importance of making learning flexible, practical, and engaging. After years of teaching together at workshops and international events, we launched this platform to support professionals looking to develop their skills—without needing to travel or take extended time away from practice.

    Since then, we’ve developed a range of online courses, live workshops, and specialised programs, including our Imagery Rescripting School and the What’s the Schemata podcast.


    Why Study Online?

    We’ve spoken to many clinicians, educators, and students about what draws them to online learning. Some of the most common reasons include:

    • Flexibility – Learn at your own pace and revisit materials when it suits your schedule.
    • Accessibility – No need to travel or rearrange work and personal commitments.
    • Relevance – Courses designed to be directly applicable to clinical work.
    • Scalability – Start small, build up your knowledge, and deepen skills progressively.

    We aim to support you in making meaningful learning a part of your professional rhythm—without the overwhelm.

    As Wendy Behary recently put it when talking about the Schema Therapy Solutions course:

    “I described this course to ISST members as a sidecar for clients, helping them enhance their understanding of the model for mid-session support.”

    We love this description and believe it applies equally to therapists—online learning can be a supportive companion throughout your Schema Therapy journey.


    Our Commitment to the Schema Therapy Community

    In addition to our work through Schema Therapy Training Online, we’re both actively involved in the International Society of Schema Therapy (ISST) and currently serve on the ISST Executive Board for 2024–2026:

    • Dr. Robert BrockmanPresident, ISST Executive Board
    • Chris HayesMedia Coordinator, ISST Executive Board

    We remain dedicated to helping shape the future of Schema Therapy, not only through teaching and training, but through advocacy, research, and community-building.


    Explore Our Courses

    Whether you’re just beginning your Schema Therapy journey or looking to go deeper into specific areas, we offer a range of training options to suit your learning style and clinical focus.

    Browse all courses

    Thanks for being part of this growing learning community.

  • Something New is Coming: The Schema Therapist Resource Vault©

    By Chris Hayes & Rob Brockman

    If you’ve ever downloaded one of our clinical guides—like the recent Responding to “But That Wasn’t Real!!!” During or After Imagery Rescripting—you’ll know we’re passionate about creating practical, therapist-friendly tools that speak to the real moments you face in session.

    Well… we’ve been quietly working on something much bigger behind the scenes. And we’re finally ready to share a little peek.

    Introducing: The Schema Therapist Resource Vault©

    Coming soon, the Vault will be a membership-based online hub packed with high-quality, mode-informed resources designed specifically for working schema therapists. Whether you’re new to schema therapy or a seasoned clinician, the Vault is built to support your clinical confidence, creativity, and clarity.

    Think of it as your go-to companion for sessions, supervision, and self-study.

    Find helpful resources, like our Schema Therapy Hacks series.

    What You Can Expect

    We’re curating and creating:

    • Downloadable tools: clinical cheat sheets, language prompts, worksheets, and transcripts
    • Video demonstrations: real examples of techniques like imagery rescripting, chairwork, and empathic confrontation
    • Case formulation help: step-by-step examples of schema and mode maps with treatment strategies
    • Live Q&As and micro-trainings: regular member events to help you stay sharp and supported

    Why We’re Building This

    We know what it’s like to be in the therapy room—facing client resistance, navigating emotional stuckness, trying to keep the big picture in mind while responding in the moment. We also know how often therapists tell us, “I just wish I had something I could glance at between sessions or share with a supervisor.”

    The Vault is our way of answering that.

    Be the First to Know

    We’re not quite ready to open the doors yet, but if you want to be among the first to get early access (and maybe even some pre-launch bonuses), make sure you’re on our email list. Downloading the Imagery Rescripting guide is a great place to start if you haven’t already.

    The Schema Therapist Resource Vault© is coming.
    We can’t wait to open it for you.

  • Schema Therapy Connect 2025: A One-Day Mini Conference for the Schema Community

    We’re thrilled to announce Schema Therapy Connect 2025—a one-day in-person mini conference bringing together clinicians, researchers, and practitioners from across Australia to connect, learn, and deepen their Schema Therapy practice.

    Whether you’re just starting your Schema Therapy journey or you’re an advanced-level therapist looking to sharpen your skills, this day is designed to offer practical, cutting-edge insights to take back to your clinical work.


    📅 Event Details

    Date & Time:
    Friday, November 7, 2025 | 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM

    Venue:
    Rydges Hotel
    28 Albion Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010

    Ticket Prices:
    Early Bird: $179 (includes lunch & refreshments) – Available until August 1, 2025
    Standard Ticket: $229

    → Register and Pay Now


    Confirmed Presenters & Topics

    We’ve curated a diverse lineup of speakers addressing key clinical populations, practical techniques, and emerging areas in Schema Therapy:

    • Graham Kell (QLD)
      Not Just Small Adults: Adapting Schema Therapy for Adolescents
      Learn how to tailor your approach for younger clients with real-world strategies from an Advanced Child & Adolescent Schema Therapist.
    • Tena Davies (VIC)
      Chairwork to Increase Motivation for Change
      Bring your clients’ internal dialogues to life and break through stuck modes with powerful chairwork interventions.
    • Ben Callegari (VIC)
      Coming Out with Schema Therapy: Working With Gender and Sexual Diversity
      Explore affirming, schema-informed approaches to support LGBTQIA+ clients.
    • Sarah Dominguez (NSW)
      Integrating Imagery Rescripting to Boost Trauma-Informed Practice
      Strengthen your trauma work by deepening your use of imagery in safe and reparative ways.
    • Tracey Hunter (QLD)
      Identifying the Pathways for Positive Schema Development
      Focus not only on healing the past—but on actively cultivating new, healthy schemas.
    • Dr. Lars Madsen (QLD)
      Bulletproofing the Healthy Adult Mode: Limited Reparenting in High-Stakes Contexts
      Deepen your understanding of how to strengthen the Healthy Adult in complex therapeutic situations.
    • Liam Spicer (TAS)
      Understanding Early Maladaptive Schemas in Autistic and ADHD Individuals
      Shift the narrative and enhance your Schema Therapy practice with neurodivergent clients.

    Why Attend?

    • Get face-to-face learning with Australia’s leading Schema Therapists
    • Expand your toolbox with practical, evidence-informed techniques
    • Connect with like-minded clinicians from across the country
    • Walk away feeling re-energised, skilled-up, and ready to integrate

    Spots are limited, and Early Bird pricing ends August 1, 2025—so don’t wait to secure your place.

    → Register  courses.schematherapytrainingonline.com/p/connect2025

  • Responding to ‘But that Wasn’t Real!!!’ client feedback

    If you use imagery rescripting in your Schema Therapy practice, you’ve likely heard a client say something like:

    “But that didn’t really happen. That’s not real.”

    It’s a powerful moment—one that can derail the session or open the door to meaningful emotional healing, depending on how we respond.

    In this blog, we’ll walk through a step-by-step framework you can use to respond compassionately and effectively when clients push back on the emotional reality of imagery work. You’ll also find sample language, an optional metaphor, and a full therapist transcript to help you ground this in your own voice.

    Download the Free Resource here.


    Why Clients Resist Imagery

    Clients often come out of a rescripting experience with deep emotions—and sometimes, deep confusion. They may intellectually understand the exercise, but emotionally, it can feel jarring:

    • “It’s not what happened.”
    • “You weren’t there.”
    • “That’s a lie.”

    These responses aren’t wrong. They’re protective. And they’re invitations to slow down and help the client integrate what just happened.


    A Step-by-Step Framework to Respond

    1. Validate the Client’s Reality
    Start by acknowledging the truth in their observation.

    “You’re right. That didn’t happen in real life. It’s completely valid to say that.”

    2. Acknowledge the Limits of Therapy
    Be honest and clear: therapy doesn’t rewrite history.

    “Nothing we do here can change what actually happened to you.”

    3. Reframe the Aim of Imagery Rescripting
    Shift the focus from facts to emotional repair.

    “The goal isn’t to change the past. It’s to help that younger part of you feel safe, seen, and less alone—now.”

    4. Link Present-Day Struggles to the Past
    Use mode language to connect their present distress to unresolved childhood trauma.

    “Even now, little Jenny still feels scared when she’s on a train or in a crowd.”

    5. Justify the Use of Imagery
    Normalize imagination as a therapeutic tool.

    “We’re using imagery to give that younger part something she never got: protection, care, validation.”

    6. Emphasize Emotional Learning
    Help the client understand that while history can’t change, emotional responses can.

    “We’re not rewriting facts—we’re changing how those memories feel.”

    7. Invite Reflection and Integration
    Ask what part of the experience (if any) felt soothing or meaningful.

    “Did any part of you feel even a little comforted during that?”

    8. If Resistance Continues – Look for a Coping Mode
    Persistent resistance may indicate a blocking mode at play. You’ll need to engage with that mode before continuing with imagery work.


    Optional Metaphor: The Broccoli Analogy

    Some clients benefit from metaphor to make sense of emotional dissonance:

    “It’s like trying broccoli for the first time when you’re used to eating chips. It feels weird—but it might be what your body actually needs.”


    Sample Therapist Language

    Here’s a full sample response you might adapt in-session:

    “Okay, Jenny… I think I need to apologize. When you say, ‘That’s not real,’ I wonder if I haven’t explained this well enough. Because you’re absolutely right—what we did in imagery didn’t happen in real life. Nothing we do here can change that history, and I want to honour what you went through.”

    “This exercise isn’t about pretending it didn’t happen or rewriting your story. It’s about helping little Jenny—the part of you still carrying the fear and pain—realize she’s no longer alone. We can’t change the facts, but we can work on how those facts live in your body. That’s what we’re doing here.”

    “We’re helping her feel seen. Safe. Protected. And that’s what starts to shift how these memories affect you today.”


    Free Resource Download: Imagery Rescripting

    Imagery rescripting can be one of the most healing interventions in Schema Therapy—but only if clients feel safe and understood throughout the process.

    When a client says, “But that wasn’t real,” it’s not a failure. It’s a moment of truth. With the right response, it can be the very turning point that helps them take the work deeper.

    Download the free resource.

    We hope this framework supports you in navigating those moments with confidence, compassion, and clinical clarity.

    Want more tools like this?
    Explore our full training library at SchemaTherapyTrainingOnline.com.


    © Chris Hayes & Rob Brockman, 2024
    You’re welcome to share this article with colleagues—please credit the original source.

  • New Overcompensation Mode Variants

    New Overcompensation Mode Variants

    In this episode Robert Brockman and Chris Hayes discuss the variants of the Overcompensation Mode.

    These are written about by David John Arthur Edwards in a paper available here: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763670/full

    The paper discusses various overcompensation modes in the context of schema therapy, focusing on how these modes reflect certain coping strategies. One such mode is the Pollyanna Overcompensator, characterized by an overly optimistic and sometimes unrealistic outlook as a way of coping with underlying issues. This mode, like others in the overcompensation category, represents a psychological mechanism where individuals adopt certain behaviors or attitudes to manage or mitigate deeper, often unaddressed emotional or psychological challenges.

  • Schema Therapy and Voice Hearing: A Conversation with Dr Georgie Paulik White

    Dr Georgie Paulik White, an associate professor of clinical psychology and the visionary behind the Perth Voices Clinic. Georgie specializes in working with individuals who hear voices—a phenomenon often associated with complex trauma histories. Through her groundbreaking research, she has adapted schema therapy techniques, especially imagery rescripting, to effectively help voice hearers heal and improve their quality of life.

    Diving Deep into Schema Therapy and Voice Hearing

    Last week we interviewed Georgie about her work. We delved into the fascinating and crucial intersection of schema therapy and voice hearing. Many individuals who hear voices have complex trauma histories, and Georgie’s groundbreaking work focuses on using imagery rescripting techniques to help them heal.

    Imagery Rescripting: Adapting Techniques for Complex Trauma

    One of the most enlightening parts of our discussion was how traditional imagery rescripting can be modified to safely and effectively assist clients who hear voices. Georgie shared how even within the constraints of limited session numbers, significant progress can be made. This is especially important considering the challenges many therapists face with session limitations.

    Addressing the “Too Hard” Cases

    We also tackled the topic of working with clients who might seem \”too hard\” to reach. Georgie’s insights into how schema therapy can be applied to these individuals were truly inspiring. It’s a reminder that with the right approach and understanding, we can make a meaningful impact on even the most challenging cases.

    Why You Should Tune In

    If you’ve ever wondered about the intersection of voice hearing, trauma, and schema therapy—or how to work with clients who might seem beyond reach—this episode is a must-listen. Georgie’s energy and expertise are both infectious and enlightening, and I left our conversation feeling invigorated about the possibilities for clinical practice.

  • Schema Therapy: Fresh learnings in 2024

    Schema Therapy is continually advancing with new ideas and techniques, making continuous learning essential for therapists seeking to enhance their practice. The latest episode of "What's the Schemata," titled "45: Fresh Learnings for 2024," dives into the transformative power of learning. This episode offers a rich mix of reflections and insights from recent workshops, providing practical advice for therapists committed to professional growth.

    Schema Therapy supervisors Chris Hayes and Rob Brockman share their experiences from their semi-annual retreat in Bali. During the retreat, they spent a week immersed in intensive training and knowledge exchange. Three outstanding presenters introduced fresh ideas and nuanced approaches to Schema Therapy, significantly influencing Hayes' and Brockman's practice over the past year. They emphasize the importance of integrating new concepts and refining established techniques.

    One of the key themes in this episode is the role of the healthy adult mode in Schema Therapy. Hayes and Brockman highlight how engaging the client's healthy adult mode effectively responds to vulnerabilities and coping mechanisms. They share examples of dialogues between the vulnerable child and healthy adult that foster self-trust and resilience in clients.

    The episode also explores the concept of empathic confrontation, a technique that balances empathy and confrontation to help clients address maladaptive behaviors. The discussion underscores the importance of tailoring this approach to the client's level of activation, ensuring that interventions remain both supportive and effective.

    Reflecting on their experiences at the recent ISST conference in Warsaw, Hayes and Brockman discuss the use of somatic resourcing in Schema Therapy. They emphasize the power of physical posturing, self-soothing techniques, and grounding exercises to enhance the therapeutic process and support clients in managing distress.

    This episode of "What's the Schemata" highlights how learning transforms therapeutic practice. By continuously seeking new knowledge and refining techniques, therapists can better support their clients in their journey towards healing and growth. Hayes' and Brockman's insights and practical advice provide valuable guidance for therapists looking to elevate their Schema Therapy practice.

  • Dr Andrew Phipps on Play and Happy Child Mode

    Dr Andrew Phipps on Play and Happy Child Mode

    Dr Andrew Phipps, known as Dr Happy, shares his journey to Schema Therapy and explores the vital role of play in therapy.

    In conversation with Chris Hayes and Robert Brockman, Dr Andrew delves into how play can be used to frame, understand, and strategize with clients. His insights into the play literature and working with different clients offer valuable perspectives for practitioners.

    “Getting into the play literature and figuring out how to work with clients to understand how to work with different clients was really interesting,” says Dr Andrew.

    A particularly compelling insight from Dr Andrew highlights the connection between play and self-discovery:

    “If you don’t know who you like, how can you know who you are?”

    Dr Andrew explains how allowing ourselves to access Happy Child Mode by entering the play state enables us to access joyful states, providing a unique perspective on therapeutic growth.